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人類最早祖先化石出土 進食排泄用同口

12 九月, 2017
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（法新社巴黎30日電） 科學家最新研究顯示，目前已知人類最早的祖先，可能是約5億4000萬年前，1種以單口進食與排泄的蛋型生物。

刊登在科學期刊「自然」（Nature）的研究報告稱，科學家在中國大陸中部陝西省發現這些保存完好的小型生物化石，為其命名為「Saccorhytus」。

科學家推測，生物演化的數種主要分支起源就是這種微小的海洋生物，其中也包括演化為人類的1支。

Saccorhytus屬於後口動物總門，是目前出土最古老的化石，該研究認為這種生物是所有後口動物的共同祖先，包括脊椎動物、棘皮動物與其他種類。

這種化石以肉眼觀察時就像普通的黑色沙粒，該研究的共同作者、英國劍橋大學教授莫里斯（Simon Conway Morris）說：「但在顯微鏡下，觀察到的細節令人目瞪口呆。」

這種袋狀生物最大的特徵，就是擁有與體型相對較大的口部，週邊圍繞著突起腫塊，牠可能是以此吞噬食物顆粒或微生物。

研究人員並未發現任何肛門構造，因此推測消化後的廢物應由相同孔洞排出。

他們也發現8個圓椎型構造，應是用來排出吞入體內的水分，莫里斯告訴法新社，這可能是魚腮的前身。

但他也說：「我們並未找到出現眼睛的跡象。」

這些化石的起源可溯及長達5300萬年的寒武紀時期，生物演化與多樣性在此期間出現戲劇性增長，被稱為「寒武紀大爆發」。（譯者：中央社廖禹揚）

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